Singularity

Concept Of Singularity:

     So, when we read about black holes, the most common question is, "What is a gravitational singularity?" Then the answer to this most frequently asked question is very simple. The term singularity means the single center point of black holes, which is one-dimensional and contains a huge amount of mass in that infinitely small point, where the density and gravitation become infinite. It is a region where the spacetime curvature becomes infinite. It is predicted that any star reaching beyond its point of limit or a certain point in its mass would exert a gravitational force so strong that it would collapse under its own gravity. For a non-revolving black hole, this region takes the shape of a single point, and for a revolving black hole, it is smudged out to form a ring singularity that lies in the plane of rotation. In both aspects, the singular region has zero volume. It can also be shown that the singular area contains all the mass of the black hole solution. The singular area can thus be thought of as having infinite density.

Is there only one type of singularity ?

  Singularities are of many types, arising from different characteristics of the theories from which they emerge, such as according to different shapes. As a result, the singularity can be classified as conical or curved. So let’s see both one by one.

   Conical Singularity

     A conical singularity occurs when there is a point in space where the limit of every general invariant quantity is finite. Due to this, space-time is not smooth at the point of limit. So, it looks like a world where all space-time surrounds the conical tip that is the point of singularity. The Schwarzschild Black is a very good example of this type. An example of such a conical singularity is a cosmic string, a type of hypothetical one-dimensional point that is believed to have formed during the early Universe.

Curvature Singularity

     What happens is that while solving the equations of general relativity or of gravitational equations, we come up with a function that defines the distance between each pair of elements of a set, which is also called metric points tending to infinity. So sometimes it happens that these points are completely smooth, which is found by the continuous derivative of the function.

In order to test whether there is a singularity at a certain point, one must check whether at this point the general covariance quantity becomes finite. Such quantities are the same in every coordinate system, so these infinities will not "go away" with a change of coordinates. A Curvature Singularity is the best example of a black hole. At the centre of a black hole, space-time becomes a one-dimensional point, which contains a huge mass densely packed into a point. As a result, gravity becomes infinite, space-time curves infinitely, and the laws of physics as we know them cease to function.

Another type of singularity is a naked singularity, which is one that is not hidden behind an event horizon. In this case, what actually transpires within a black hole would be visible. Such a singularity would theoretically be what existed prior to the concept very famously known as the Big Bang. The major, or essential word here, is theoretical, as it remains a mystery what these objects would look like. Singularities play a major part in the existence of singularities. The singularity of space-time can also be defined as an indefinite or incomplete path which does not have any end or beyond which we don’t know what exists.

But does it really exist ?

    In the real universe, no black hole has singularities. In general, singularities are the non-physical mathematical results of some imperfect physical theory. When scientists and researchers talk about black hole singularities, they are talking about the errors that appear in the current theories and not about objects that actually exist. A Singularity can be seen in this light, so what exactly is it? It is that point where the mass is infinite at an infinitely small point, but in our real world, the term infinite does not exist. Whenever an infinity term comes up in a theory, it is simply a reason that your theory is too simple to handle extreme cases. So let us consider a case. Assume that we are continuously supplying heat to a particular glass plate. According to theories, what should happen is that the glass plate must heat up to infinity, but in reality, the case is different. The glass plate will melt after reaching a particular temperature, which is its melting point. So, this might show that the singularity term is just on the pages.